Transformasi Fikih Zakat Digital di Era Ekonomi Platform: Kajian Normatif-Empiris terhadap Praktik Zakat Melalui Fintech Syariah di Indonesia
Keywords:
Digital Zakat, Islamic Fintech, Zakat Fiqh, Platform Economy, IndonesiaAbstract
This study examines the transformation of zakat jurisprudence in the context of Islamic economic digitalization, particularly through Islamic financial technology (fintech) platforms in Indonesia. The shift from conventional zakat payment mechanisms to digital ecosystems raises normative questions about the validity, Shariah compliance, and effectiveness of digital zakat management. Using a normative-empirical approach—combining classical and contemporary zakat fiqh with empirical data on digital zakat practices in Indonesia—this study finds that: (1) normatively, digital zakat can be justified based on the principles of maslahah mursalah and qiyas upon the classical hawala mechanism; (2) empirically, Islamic fintech platforms such as BAZNAS Digital, Kitabisa, and Dompet Dhuafa have significantly expanded zakat collection reach and efficiency; (3) main challenges include muzakki-mustahiq verification issues, data security concerns, and lack of standardized Shariah oversight on digital platforms. This study recommends the development of a comprehensive digital zakat fiqh framework, integration of Shariah Supervisory Board oversight across all zakat fintech platforms, and regulatory harmonization among BAZNAS, OJK, and the Ministry of Religious Affairs.
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