The Integration of Sufism and Positive Psychology in Mental Health Therapy: A Phenomenological Study on the Suluk Community of the Qadiriyyah wa Naqsyabandiyyah Order in East Java
Keywords:
Sufism, Positive Psychology, Mental Health, Suluk, Qadiriyyah wa Naqsyabandiyyah TariqahAbstract
This study examines the integration of Islamic Sufi tradition—particularly the practice of suluk (spiritual retreat) within the Qadiriyyah wa Naqsyabandiyyah Tariqah (TQN)—and contemporary positive psychology approaches as a model for holistic mental health therapy. In the context of increasing prevalence of mental health disorders in Indonesia and the limitations of biomedical-based mental health services, spirituality-based approaches offer a significant alternative. This study employs descriptive phenomenology (Husserl) to understand the subjective experiences of TQN suluk community members in East Java in living their spiritual practices and their impact on mental health. Data were collected through in-depth phenomenological interviews with 18 informants who are active members of TQN suluk at Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya (Tasikmalaya) and Pondok Pesantren Darul Ulum Jombang, as well as observations of suluk rituals. The results identify five main experiential themes: (1) experience of inner tranquility (itmi'nan) through dhikr; (2) transformation of self-orientation (tawakkul); (3) construction of meaning and life purpose; (4) development of resilience through mujahadah; and (5) strengthening of community (mahabbah). These themes demonstrate strong convergence with positive psychology constructs such as mindfulness, meaning-making, resilience, and social connectedness.
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