The Role of Energy Waqf in Addressing Environmental Crises Through Islamic Philanthropic Principles and Community-Driven Renewable Energy Initiatives

Abstract

This study employs a systematic literature review to examine energy waqf as an innovative mechanism within Islamic philanthropy, presented as a conceptual contribution to the growing scholarship on Islamic social finance and the global environmental crisis. Grounded in thematic analysis of 42 peer-reviewed publications sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, the review synthesises evidence on the social, cultural, and institutional dynamics shaping community acceptance and participation in energy waqf initiatives. The synthesis reveals that strong religious commitment and cultural norms constitute primary motivational drivers, encouraging individuals to engage actively in such programmes as expressions of environmental stewardship and community service. Additional factors identified through the synthesis encompass emotional and psychological predispositions, awareness of waqf-related benefits, and trust in the credibility of administering institutions. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Capital Theory, and Trust Theory, this review advances three explicit conceptual propositions as its primary theoretical contribution and as a foundation for future empirical investigation. The study further underscores the importance of public education and transparent governance structures in reinforcing community involvement and sustaining the long-term viability of energy waqf programmes. The conceptual insights derived offer guidance for policymakers, religious leaders, and development practitioners who seek to advance climate action through Islamic social finance. Energy waqf is proposed within this review not only as a philanthropic instrument rooted in Islamic principles but also as a strategically viable approach for accelerating renewable energy adoption and cultivating environmentally conscious communities.